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Tuesday, August 25, 2009

The Long And Celebrated Story Of The Saxophone

By Jim Samposzi

The saxophone, or sax, is a vibrant and important instrument born to the woodwind group of instruments. The sax is typically made of brass and is standard for an orchestra, jazz band, or other musical group. The saxophone goes as far back as jazz and big band. But the saxophone has been a key instrument for blues and more importantly, modern rock. This magnificent instrument has also been big for military bands and marching bands.

The saxophone is a complex brass instrument that is made up of the following components:

Brass stock/horn

Single-reed mouthpiece

Tone holes (20-30)

Speaker holes

Keys (or pad cups)

Spit Valve

The pieces of this instrument have been developed over the years to better sounds by engineering and testing. The mouthpiece, as an example, has been produced by different materials like: gold, silver, rubber, glass, wood, porcelain, crystal, or bone. Manufacturers over the years have tried a multitude of different things to make the sound clearer, brighter, and crisper.

Saxophones have come a long way since their invention by Adolphe Sax in 1841. Sax was headstrong to develop an instrument that would cover the pitch between all other woodwinds and brass instruments. He was very successful in his endeavors and the saxophone became very popular in orchestras of the late 19th century. For military ensembles, the sax worked perfectly when set in a E and B pitch. Also, the saxophone was made to create the C and F sounds for an orchestra. Later, the saxophone was key in jazz music and was improved upon to produce pitches of all levels (A, B, C, G, F, and E).

Needless to say, Adolphe Sax's invention reached a patent expiration in 1866 which prompted manufacturing of new saxophones by many manufacturers. Later, in the 1950's, a gentleman by the name of M. Houvenaghel of Western Europe, introduced a special type of saxophones which had a single-tone key structure which helped the musician to control octaves with one thumb; this arrangement stuck with the sax and was used ongoing in sax production. Other methods were tested and tried but this one-thumb control remained a permanent fixture to the sax.

In modern times, the saxophone is most common in rock, jazz, and armed forces bands. The sax, today, is crafted of either brass or bronze and differ in cost and usability. Preferences are debated among popular musicians of jazz and funk; a lot of jazz professionals like mouthpieces with a shorter chamber due to the ability to produce a high baffle, louder, and richer melody. Other classical players appreciate a larger chamber because of the simpler, duller sound. Whatever it is used for, the saxophone is a great instrument to all kinds of music. From inception to advancement, the sax has been improved upon and is thought to be the most important component jazz and funk. - 18418

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